o 可协议选择与争议有实际联系的外国法院管辖，但专属管辖的案件不得协议选择外国法院管辖，除非协议选择仲裁。It is permissible to agree in writing to choose the jurisdiction of a foreign court with an actual connection to the dispute, except for cases of exclusive jurisdiction, which cannot be agreed to be under the jurisdiction of a foreign court unless it involves arbitration .
o 当事人签订的管辖协议明确约定由一国法院管辖，但未约定该管辖协议为非排他性管辖协议的，应推定该管辖协议为排他性管辖协议。If a jurisdiction agreement signed by the parties clearly designates a court of one country as having jurisdiction without specifying that the agreement is non-exclusive, it should be presumed to be an exclusive jurisdiction agreement.
o 非对称管辖协议通常认定为有效，但管辖协议涉及消费者、劳动者权益或者违反《民事诉讼法》专属管辖规定的除外。Asymmetric jurisdiction agreements are generally considered valid unless they concern consumer or labor rights or violate the exclusive jurisdiction provisions of the "Civil Procedure Law."
涉外案件的应诉管辖：Jurisdiction by Appearance in Foreign-Related Cases:
o 涉外案件的应诉管辖不受级别管辖和专属管辖的限制。应诉管辖的本质是对当事人意思自治的尊重。涉外案件当事人由于对我国级别管辖、专属管辖等具体规定未必熟知，因此该条款的特别规定有利于保护当事人意思自治。The jurisdiction by appearance in foreign-related cases is not bound by the limitations of hierarchical jurisdiction or exclusive jurisdiction. The essence of jurisdiction by appearance lies in respecting the autonomy of the parties' intentions. Since parties in foreign-related cases may not be fully aware of the specific provisions regarding China's hierarchical jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction, this particular stipulation is beneficial for protecting the autonomy of the parties' intentions.
涉外案件的特殊地域管辖：Special Territorial Jurisdiction for Foreign-Related Cases:
o 针对在中国领域内没有住所的被告提起的除身份关系以外的诉讼，根据中国《民事诉讼法》第二百七十六条的规定，可以由以下地点的人民法院管辖：合同签订地，合同履行地，诉讼标的物所在地，可供扣押财产所在地，侵权行为地，代表机构住所地。For lawsuits filed against defendants who do not have a domicile within the territory of China, other than those related to personal relationships, according to Article 276 of China's "Civil Procedure Law," the People's Court at the following locations may have jurisdiction: the place where the contract was signed, the place where the contract was performed, the location of the subject matter of the lawsuit, the place where the property subject to seizure is located, the place of the tortious act, and the domicile of the representative institution.
o 此外，如果涉外民事纠纷与中华人民共和国存在其他适当联系，也可以由人民法院管辖。Furthermore, if a foreign-related civil dispute has other appropriate connections with the People's Republic of China, the People's Court may also have jurisdiction.
级别管辖：Hierarchical Jurisdiction:
o 上海、北京、天津、江苏省、浙江省、福建省、山东省、广东省、重庆市辖区的中级人民法院管辖以下第一审涉外民商事案件：诉讼标的额人民币4000万元及以上；案情复杂或者一方当事人人数众多的；其他在本辖区有重大影响的。The Intermediate People's Courts in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Shandong Province, Guangdong Province, and Chongqing Municipality have jurisdiction over the following first-instance foreign-related civil and commercial cases: cases with a litigation amount of RMB 40 million or more
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