涉外民商事诉讼受理和管辖Acceptance&Jurisdiction of Foreign-Related cases
新《民事诉讼法》已于2024年1月1日起实施，其对涉外商事案件的处理产生较大改变，值得跨国企业和从事跨境交易的中国企业重点关注、提前做好准备。结合最新相关法律规定和司法实践，现将涉外案件受理和管辖归结如下：The new "Civil Procedure Law," which came into effect on Jan.1, 2024, has brought significant alterations to the processing of international commercial disputes. These changes are particularly noteworthy for multinational corporations and Chinese enterprises involved in cross-border transactions, who should be prepared in advance. By integrating the latest legal provisions and judicial practices, the acceptance and jurisdiction of foreign-related cases can be summarized as follows:
主管：对涉外仲裁协议效力的审查：Examination of the Validity of Foreign-Related Arbitration Agreements:
o 在跨境交易的合同拟定中约定仲裁管辖是常见的争议解决约定。如果当事人提出存在仲裁协议，而人民法院作出不予受理、驳回起诉、管辖权异议的裁定，就此当事人提起上诉的，二审法院拟认定仲裁协议效力存在问题须逐级报核。就涉外民商事案件的管辖争议，高级人民法院经审查拟同意仲裁协议无效的，应当向最高人民法院报核，并依最高人民法院的审核意见作出裁定。 In the process of drafting contracts for international transactions, it is a common practice to stipulate arbitration jurisdiction as a means of dispute resolution. If parties assert the existence of an arbitration agreement and the People's Court issues a ruling on non-acceptance, dismissal of the lawsuit, or objection to jurisdiction, and the parties appeal,the appellate court must escalate the case for review at each level if it intends to determine that there is an issue with the effectiveness of the arbitration agreement. Regarding jurisdictional disputes in foreign-related civil and commercial cases, if the High People's Court, after review, intends to agree that the arbitration agreement is invalid, it must report to the Supreme People's Court for review and make a ruling in accordance with the review opinions of the Supreme People's Court.
涉外案件的专属管辖：Exclusive Jurisdiction for Foreign-related Cases:
《民事诉讼法》修正增加了涉外案件专属管辖的范围，规定三类专属管辖：
o 在我国领域内设立的法人的设立、解散、清算、决议效力等纠纷The revised "Civil Procedure Law" has broadened the scope of exclusive jurisdiction for international cases, detailing three categories of exclusive jurisdiction；
o 因与在中华人民共和国领域内审查授予的知识产权的有效性有关的纠纷提起的民事诉讼，由人民法院专属管辖；The revised "Civil Procedure Law" has broadened the scope of exclusive jurisdiction for international cases, detailing three categories of exclusive jurisdiction:（注意：著作权纠纷不适用专属管辖。此外，例如不正当竞争之诉、侵权之诉、专利领域常见的确认不侵权之诉、知识产权合同纠纷等，由于不属于权利有效性纠纷，同样不适用专属管辖。）(Note: Disputes over copyrights are not covered by exclusive jurisdiction. Furthermore, cases such as unfair competition, tort actions, common non-infringement confirmation lawsuits in the patent field, and intellectual property contract disputes, as they do not pertain to disputes over the validity of rights, are also not subject to exclusive jurisdiction.)
o 在我国领域内履行中外合资合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同发生的纠纷。Disputes arising from the fulfillment of contracts for Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative enterprises, and contracts for the cooperative exploration and development of natural resources within the territory of China.
涉外案件的协议管辖：Agreement Jurisdiction for Foreign-Related Cases:
o 不要求协议选择的人民法院与争议有实际联系，即涉外民事纠纷的当事人书面协议选择人民法院管辖的，可以由人民法院管辖。There is no requirement that the People's Court chosen by agreement must have an actual connection to the dispute; thus, parties to a foreign-related civil dispute can agree in writing to the jurisdiction of the People's Court, granting it jurisdiction.
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